ModemManager
ModemManager is a freedesktop.org project, licensed under GPL-2.0-or-later and LGPL-2.1-or-later, started in 2008 to support USB dongles on desktops. It integrates with the higher-level NetworkManager daemon.
SonicDE reaches it through ModemManagerQt, in the sonic-frameworks-modemmanager repository.
Testing without a modem
ModemManager has no manual testing tool like oFono's Phonesim. Phonesim support could probably be added to ModemManager or ModemManagerQt if needed.
For unit tests, ModemManagerQt provides a fake modem backend in src/fakemodem, used by the tests in its autotests folder.